1.1 The Orthodontic Assessment 1.2 Smile Assessment in Orthodontics 1.3 Treatment Philosophies 1.4 Aetiology of Malocclusion 1.5 Fixed Appliances 2.1 Fixed Appliances - Bonding, Alignment and Active Early Mechanics 2.2 Fixed Appliance Mechanics 2 - Working Phase 2.3 Aligner Mechanics 1 2.4 Risks of Orthodontic Treatment